Pearl was the first dog trained to locate deceased humans - helping law enforcement and providing closure to grieving families.
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Cadaver Dog
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Dogs have been known to find deceased bodies long before employing trained cadaver dogs. The first record of a dog helping in the detection of human remains was in the early 1800s in Germany. Two women went missing in 1807 and 1808, and the main suspect was Andreas Bichel, who became known as the Bavarian Ripper. The police searched his home and found the women's clothes, but could find no signs of the women until a court clerk took his dog to the suspect's house. The dog dragged his owner to Bichel's woodshed, sniffed the ground and pawed at the door. The police assumed the dog was reacting to the scent of another animal, but when the dog wouldn't give up, they decided to take a look. They dug inside and recovered the mutilated bodies of the two women. Bichel was arrested, convicted and beheaded in 1809.
Although dogs have this natural instinct, cadaver dogs undergo roughly 1,000 hours of training before they can go out into the field. Pearl, a yellow Labrador Retriever, was the first dog trained for human remains detection at the Military Research Facility in San Antonio, Texas by handler Jim Suffolk of the New York State Police. She started her career in 1974, and within her first year, found the remains of Karen Levy, a Syracuse College student who went missing in 1972 - her body was buried four feet underground.
Studies have found that cadaver dogs are 95% accurate at their job. They can smell remains up to 15 feet underground and almost up to 100 feet underwater. They can differentiate between the scent of animal and human remains, and because of their incredible sense of smell, they can pick up tiny traces of odor, including residual scents.
Besides helping the police locate deceased remains, cadaver dogs also work with anthropologists to find burial sites.
Rajah became famous in history as Methven's unofficial police dog in the 1930s and possibly the first police dog in New Zealand.
Although unofficial, Rajah became something of a legend in New Zealand as a police dog who helped solve crimes. The German shepherd was only six weeks old when his owner Constable John Robertson and his son Ian began training him using a search and find method. Soon Rajah was able to understand 52 commands and had a remarkable ability to locate items. He assisted Robertson in his duties and was very perceptive at finding concealed objects. On occasions, he was also used to help track offenders and find remains.
It is said Rajah only failed once, when he was used to help locate a missing woman. The police believed the woman was the victim of foul play and her body was dumped along a railway line that was under construction. Robertson and Rajah spent a week searching without success. Many years later it was discovered why Rajah could not find the body when a flood in the area took out one of the bridge pillars exposing the remains of the missing woman embedded in the concrete.
When Rajah was not assisting Robertson with police work, he would entertain people around New Zealand with his talents. When Rin Tin Tin died in 1932, Hollywood was interested in replacing the film star with Rajah but Robertson felt the move to the US was too much.
Rajah was born in 1928 and passed away in 1942. Ian, in his later years, proudly said "He was really the world's best." In 2015, a bronze statue of Rajah was placed at the entrance of the Mount Hutt Function Centre in Methven to celebrate Rajah "the Wonder Dog" and his contribution to the town's history.
Famous photograph of Martin Luther King Jr. and a police dog taken during the civil rights movement.
This historic photo was taken in June 1964 in St. Augustine, Florida. Martin Luther King Jr., with a police dog at his side in the back seat of a patrol car, had just finished testifying before a grand jury "investigating racial unrest in the city" and was being returned to jail. Considering the way how police dogs were used during non-violent demonstrations at the time, one might think the German shepherd was put into the car to intimidate King. Whether this is true or not, the two appear to have formed a quick friendship.
Barnaby and Burgho became famous in history as the two bloodhounds that were almost used by the police to track the notorious killer Jack the Ripper.
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| Barnaby and Burgho |
In a one-month period, between August 31 and September 30, 1888, four women were brutally murdered in the largely impoverished areas in and around the Whitechapel district of London by the elusive killer Jack the Ripper. The public was panicked and the London Metropolitan Police were becoming desperate to find the killer. Numerous suggestions were made to use bloodhounds because of their extraordinary sense of smell and ability to follow a trail.
In early October, Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren sought the assistance of Edwin Brough, a famous breeder of hounds for tracking competitions. Although Brough felt the hounds were of limited use in a crowded city environment, he brought two of his best dogs from his kennel in Wyndyate to London to have their capabilities tested in following the scent of a man. If the hounds proved worthy, Sir Charles planned to buy the dogs. The two bloodhounds were Barnaby, four years old, and Burgho, two years old.
On October 8, 1888, Brough brought the dogs to Regent's Park in London to perform the first of several trials for the police. Barnaby and Burgho successfully tracked a young man, who was given a 15 minute start, for nearly a mile over ground covered by frost. That evening they were taken to Hyde Park. This time they were on the leash, as would be the case if they were used by the police to track the killer. They were again successful in performing their task, this time in the dark. The following day, six separate runs were made and in two of them Sir Charles acted the part of the hunted man. In every instance, Barnaby and Brough captured the persons who were being hunted.
Sir Charles seemed to be pleased with the results of the trials but wanted more trials to be carried out before making the final decision to purchase them. Critics were mocking Sir Charles over his bloodhound venture. Some felt the dogs were unsuitable for the job, and may even inadvertently cause an innocent man to be accused. Near the end of October, the police had not made any assurances to Brough that they would buy the dogs. Money seemed to be an issue. Brough took Burgho to a dog show, and hearing nothing from the police, he never returned him. A few days later he took Barnaby back.
On November 9, 1888, another brutal murder occurred. Jack the Ripper was never caught, but some wonder if the killer would have been brought to justice if the dogs had been used.
In a 1901 interview, Brough mentioned "Our experiments in London showed that the hounds will hunt a man who is a complete stranger to them, and will not change, although the line may be crossed by quite a number of other people. They were not put to the test so far as the Whitechapel Murders were concerned, for no murder was committed during the time the hounds were in London. This I consider some evidence of the deterrent effect which the employment of bloodhounds would have on crime, for another of the ghastly Jack the Ripper tragedies was committed shortly after it was known that the hounds had been sent back to Wyndyate."
Many books have been written about Jack the Ripper and his victims, but one book by Mike Covell is about Edwin Brough, the owner of Barnaby and Burgho. It is about Brough, his manor that housed his lavish bloodhound kennels and his involvement in the murder case.
